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Friday, February 1, 2013

Nixon Peabody Franchise Partner Elected to Leadership Role in ...

Washington, D.C. ? January 31, 2013 ? (RealEstateRama) ? Nixon Peabody LLP is pleased to announce that Washington, D.C. franchise partner Andrew P. Loewinger has been elected to an important leadership position in the International Bar Association (IBA). He is now incoming Chair of the International Bar Association?s International Franchising Committee. Mr. Loewinger was previously Vice Chair of the International Franchising Committee of the International Bar Association. As part of his current role, Mr. Loewinger will chair two programs on international franchising including one at the IBA?s annual meeting in October.

Mr. Loewinger concentrates his practice on domestic and international franchising, and corporate, intellectual property, regulatory, and transactional issues. He is a key member of the firm?s international franchising practice, which represents world leaders in franchising and retail distribution. Mr. Loewinger has handled several hundred in-bound and out-bound franchise transactions and joint ventures in more than 85 countries.

Mr. Loewinger is one of the top franchise lawyers in the United States and internationally, and has been recognized for three consecutive years for exceptional standing in the legal community in Chambers USA for franchise law. He has also been recognized by Chambers Global for franchise law. For the past six years, Mr. Loewinger has been named a ?Legal Eagle? by Franchise Times. He was also recognized in Who?s Who Legal 2010 and the International Who?s Who of Franchise Lawyers 2011. He earned his J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center, his M.A. from the Columbia School of International Affairs and his B.A., magna cum laude, from Colorado College.

Contact:
Allison McClain

617-345-1128

Nixon Peabody Recognized As a ?Best Law Firm?; Corporate, Real Estate, Labor & Employment, Litigation & Franchise Practices Earn Top Honors
Boston, MA - November 1, 2011 - (RealEstateRama) -- Nixon Peabody LLP received top honors in the 2011?12 U.S. News/Best Lawyers ?Best Law Firms? rankings. In total, 38 practices were recognized nationally, while the firm?s Corporate, Real Estate, Real Estate Litigation, Franchise, Land Use & Zoning, and Labor & Employment practices were recognized at the prestigious National Tier One level....

REALTY EXECUTIVES INTERNATIONAL RANKED #276 BY ENTREPRENEUR MAGAZINE?S 2013 FRANCHISE 500? LIST
Chicago, IL - December 21, 2012 - (RealEstateRama) -- Realty Executives International announced today that it has once again been named to Entrepreneur Magazine?s Franchise 500? list for 2013. The company ranked at number 276 worldwide for 2013 amongst heavyweight franchise peers in dozens of industries. The prestigious ranking comes on the heels of a productive franchise sales year with...

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Remote rookies: Tough lessons in drone pilot school

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Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/28181d28/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Carticle0Cmg217290A120B20A0A0Eremote0Erookies0Etough0Elessons0Ein0Edrone0Epilot0Eschool0Bhtml0Dcmpid0FRSS0QNSNS0Q20A120EGLOBAL0Qonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Programming cells: Importance of the envelope

Feb. 1, 2013 ? In a project that began with the retinal cells of nocturnal animals and has led to fundamental insights into the organization of genomic DNA, researchers from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich show how the nuclear envelope affects nuclear architecture -- and gene regulation.

The double-stranded DNA molecules that make up the genetic material are wrapped around protein complexes to form compacted "chromatin." The active portion of the genome is less densely packed, and thus more easily accessible, than the inactive fraction, and is referred to as euchromatin. Euchromatin is typically located in the inner regions of the cell nucleus, while much of the inactive DNA in "heterochromatin" is associated with the inner face of the nuclear envelope. This type of chromatin organization is found in almost all higher organisms and may have been invented 500 million years ago.

But there is a curious exception to this generalization. In the retinal cells of nocturnal animals, the heterochromation is localized in the central area of the nucleus, as a research group led by LMU biologists Dr. Irina Solovei and Dr. Boris Joffe showed in a previous study. "This got us interested in the mechanisms that control the distribution of chromatin," says Professor Heinrich Leonhardt of LMU's Biozentrum. "How can the nuclear architecture in the rod cells of nocturnal animals be inverted in this way, and what determines the typical positioning of inactive chromatin on the outskirts of the nucleus in normal cells?" Leonhardt and his team have now completed an extensive study in search of the answers.

A fundamental principle unveiled

With the help of targeted genetic manipulations in the mouse, Joffe and Solovei together with their colleagues show for the first time that there are two independent mechanisms for fixing heterochromatin to the inner face of the nuclear envelope. These mechanisms make use of two different components of the inner nuclear membrane as clamps -- lamin A/C, and the so-called lamin-B receptor (LBR), which itself binds to B type lamins.

Normally the two components are used sequentially for this purpose. "In the course of differentiation, there is a switch from the LBR to lamin A/C, and there is always a least one type of tether available for attachment of heterochromatin to the nuclear periphery. But if both are missing, the inactive heterochromatin recoils like a severed elastic band and collapses in the center of the nucleus," explains Leonhardt. Moreover, the switch seems to be a fundamental principle of genome organization and cell differentiation in mammalian cells, as the researchers concluded from the study of 39 species and the analysis of diverse tissue types in nine genetic strains of mice.

Prospects for targeted therapies Lamin proteins not only have a structural function but also have an impact on gene regulation. Thus LBR binds B type lamins and regulates stem-cell populations by promoting the expression of genes that are important for the proliferation of rapidly dividing stem cells. The lamin A/C gene on the other hand codes for a structural component of the nuclear envelope, and regulates cellular differentiation programs like e.g. the expression of muscle-specific genes in muscle cells. Mutations in this gene result in so-called laminopathies -- rare genetic diseases that are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, including muscular dystrophy and progeria, a premature aging syndrome.

Joffe and Solovei suspect that mutations in lamin A/C affect the expression of specific genes during the maturation and differentiation of cells, with deleterious results for their function and for tissue integrity. This notion could explain the highly diverse and complex symptoms seen in patients with mutations in the lamin A/C gene -- and it could open routes to the design of targeted therapies for laminopathies.

The new findings thus yield fundamentally new insights into how each of the many differentiated cell types in the body arises as the result of the precisely regulated expression of a specific complement of genes appropriate to each. "In the end, we have been brought from studies of night vision and an odd quirk of nature to the discovery of a fundamental regulatory mechanism: The nuclear envelope has a major say in development, and what kind of envelope our genetic material comes in makes a great deal of difference to our fate," Leonhardt concludes.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen (LMU).

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Irina Solovei, Audrey?S. Wang, Katharina Thanisch, Christine?S. Schmidt, Stefan Krebs, Monika Zwerger, Tatiana?V. Cohen, Didier Devys, Roland Foisner, Leo Peichl, Harald Herrmann, Helmut Blum, Dieter Engelkamp, Colin?L. Stewart, Heinrich Leonhardt, Boris Joffe. LBR and Lamin A/C Sequentially Tether Peripheral Heterochromatin and Inversely Regulate Differentiation. Cell, 2013; 152 (3): 584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.009

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/38_3gzFCTbw/130201114110.htm

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Aztec conquest altered genetics among early Mexico inhabitants, new DNA study shows

Jan. 30, 2013 ? For centuries, the fate of the original Otom? inhabitants of Xaltocan, the capital of a pre-Aztec Mexican city-state, has remained unknown. Researchers have long wondered whether they assimilated with the Aztecs or abandoned the town altogether.

According to new anthropological research from The University of Texas at Austin, Wichita State University and Washington State University, the answers may lie in DNA. Following this line of evidence, the researchers theorize that some original Otomies, possibly elite rulers, may have fled the town. Their exodus may have led to the reorganization of the original residents within Xaltocan, or to the influx of new residents, who may have intermarried with the Otom? population.

Using ancient DNA (aDNA) sampling, Jaime Mata-M?guez, an anthropology graduate student and lead author of the study, tracked the biological comings and goings of the Otom? people following the incorporation of Xaltocan into the Aztec empire. The study, published in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, is the first to provide genetic evidence for the anthropological cold case.

Learning more about changes in the size, composition, and structure of past populations helps anthropologists understand the impact of historical events, including imperial conquest, colonization, and migration, Mata-M?guez says. The case of Xaltocan is extremely valuable because it provides insight into the effects of Aztec imperialism on Mesoamerican populations.

Historical documents suggest that residents fled Xaltocan in 1395 AD, and that the Aztec ruler sent taxpayers to resettle the site in 1435 AD. Yet archaeological evidence indicates some degree of population stability across the imperial transition, deepening the mystery. Recently unearthed human remains from before and after the Aztec conquest at Xaltocan provide the rare opportunity to examine this genetic transition.

As part of the study, Mata-M?guez and his colleagues sampled mitochondrial aDNA from 25 bodies recovered from patios outside excavated houses in Xaltocan. They found that the pre-conquest maternal aDNA did not match those of the post-conquest era. These results are consistent with the idea that the Aztec conquest of Xaltocan had a significant genetic impact on the town.

Mata-M?guez suggests that long-distance trade, population movement and the reorganization of many conquered populations caused by Aztec imperialism could have caused similar genetic shifts in other regions of Mexico as well.

In focusing on mitochondrial DNA, this study only traced the history of maternal genetic lines at Xaltocan. Future aDNA analyses will be needed to clarify the extent and underlying causes of the genetic shift, but this study suggests that Aztec imperialism may have significantly altered at least some Xaltocan households.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Texas at Austin.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Jaime Mata-M?guez, Lisa Overholtzer, Enrique Rodr?guez-Alegr?a, Brian M. Kemp, Deborah A. Bolnick. The genetic impact of aztec imperialism: Ancient mitochondrial DNA evidence from Xaltocan, Mexico. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2012; 149 (4): 504 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22152

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/wgZOTbu1_sc/130131095234.htm

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tit for tat | Apple Loses Bid to Ban Samsung Galaxy Nexus

Samsung Galaxy Nexus smartphones will remain on store shelves now that a judge has shot down Apple's bid to ban sales of the iPhone competitor.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/GearFactor/~3/9sT3ttI2JnY/

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Movie Review: ?Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters? ? Double, Double ...

1 popcorn

By Michael S. Goldberger,?film critic

Hansel-Gretel-Witch-Hunters Fuddy-duddies like me who see movies like ?Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters? never cease to be amazed that there is actually a market for such claptrap. Featuring a lot of misplaced creativity, only a few good ideas and some effective but rather standard special effects, director Tommy Wirkola?s horrified fairy tale emits only a lackluster boo.

At the very least, it gives the critic a chance to show how fair he can be. I?m on the clock anyway. Maybe a mulling of this variation on the old folktale will spawn a thought or two about contemporary culture, or not. So come now to an unspecified forest at some random, fabled time. Bear in mind, though, this isn?t your Grandma?s ?Hansel & Gretel.?

In the so called original version recorded for posterity by the Brothers Grimm, Fairy Tale Land isn?t immune from recession. Poor Pop the woodcutter, pressured by mean step mom, and not having the benefit of Newt Gingrich?s enlightening philosophy about the benefit of orphanages, abandons Hansel and Gretel to fend alone in the woods.

In this newest take, it?s not so much about the Benjamins as it is a concern for some convoluted, mystical curse concerning white witches and the siblings? Mom that convinces Dad to chance repercussions from DYFS. But the kids do OK. After a harrying experience with an enslaving witch, they manage to burn her to death in her own stove.

But then they take it a step further. Doubtless influenced by an entrepreneurial spirit that accompanies the sounding of the death knell on feudalism, the now grownup duo figure they can make a pretty pfennig from their newfound talent. So they set up shop: Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters. Newspaper articles regaling their exploits flash across the screen.

We catch up with them shortly after they land a big commission in Augsburg, Bavaria, apparently a haven for witches. But this is going to be a tough assignment for the brother-sister bounty hunters, not just because of the severity of the diabolical incursion that?s being blamed for seven children gone missing. Nope, just like on your job, it?s politics.

But unlike your boss, the power hungry sheriff (Peter Stormare) doesn?t want anyone else getting the credit for finding the waifs. Never mind that his minions are idiots. Good thing Mayor Engleman (Rainer Bock) still has some say. ?Tis he who commissions the title characters, portrayed by Jeremy Renner and Gemma Arterton, respectively.

Arriving with a dramatic flourish in the opening scene, their first piece of business is in the town square when they rescue pretty red-haired Mina (Ingrid Bols? Berdal), accused of witchery, from a mob of burghers being incited by the Machiavellian cop. Suffice it to note, the thankful maiden is more than a bit smitten by the male half of her saviors.

Now, this is the point in the review where it?s perfectly OK to stop reading, even if you?re a really good friend of mine. I won?t be upset. Who could blame you? I feel silly enough writing it. But someone?s gotta do it. And, unfortunately, I drew the shortest straw down at the Film Critics? Local #1085 Meeting Hall. Ah, I?ve reviewed worse.

Actually, if one subscribes to my big sister Ann?s mantra about making lemonade out of lemons, there is a bit of a lesson here beyond the obvious, ?What Not to Do When Making a Movie.? Truth is, production standards are rather decent. Which only indicates that technological advances have facilitated a new blight on the cinema landscape.

You see, dear loyal reader who refused to abandon me in the reviewing wilds like Hansel and Gretel, when you make available these high tech methods to the increasing spate of film school grads, you increase the potential for commercial schlock. It used to be you had to evince at least some creative eccentricity to be the junk movie purveyor.

While director Wirkola, working from a script he penned with Dante Harper, gives us a slight hint of the satiric edge he is trying to walk, only the technical method and little of the artistic madness is exhibited. Hence, his picture lacks identity, failing to truly frighten us and rarely tickling the funny bone. Mostly, you don?t know what he?s trying to do.

Oh, I almost forgot: For folks willing to pay a few dollars extra to have things pop out at them, there is a 3-D version of ?Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters.? The f/x are OK. But then that?s from someone who, as a kid, didn?t care for his Jack-in-the-box. That said, if you?re? in the Cineplex trying to decide what to see, don?t follow those breadcrumbs.
?Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters,? rated R, is a Paramount Pictures release directed by Tommy Wirkola and stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton and Ingrid Bols? Berdal. Running time: 88 minutes

Source: http://njtoday.net/2013/01/31/movie-review-hansel-gretel-witch-hunters-double-double-toil-and-rubble/

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South Korea catches up to North Korea on the space race

South Korea says its first successful launch Wednesday of a rocket from its own soil has opened a new era of opportunity, taking the pressure off to keep up with its rival, North Korea, on a space race.

President Lee Myung-bak hailed the launch as the first step toward opening an "era of space science" for the country, according to his spokesman.

The launch comes after at least two previously failed attempts, including one in 2009 and 2010. The rocket blasted off at 4 p.m., here, and put a science satellite into orbit, making South Korea the 13th nation to successfully put a satellite into space from its own country ? just after rival North Korea surprised with its own successful launch last month.

The South had previously run up against serious US resistance to a satellite launch attempt. The US feared the development and launch of a satellite was a cover by Seoul to develop and test long-range missiles. If that were the case, worried the US, it could spark an arms race with Pyongyang.

RECOMMENDED: Kim 101: How well do you know North Korea's leaders?

The North?s launch of a satellite in December was quickly condemned by the international community for violating UN resolutions, and was seen widely as a cover to test weapons capabilities.

Washington is still somewhat worried about a space race with the North, says Scott Snyder, Senior Fellow for Korea Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. But after South Korea and the US reached a new missile agreement in October, allowing Seoul to develop longer-range ballistic missiles capable of striking all of North Korea with stronger warheads, it appears likely that Washington would no longer oppose the South?s development of long-range missiles.

Mr. Snyder says that given the technical problems that South Korea has had with Russia as a partner in its attempts to launch the "Naro rocket," it may now seek out a new partner and should look at NASA as an option.

Meanwhile, for Washington, ?the opportunities could potentially outweigh the concerns at this point? to working with Seoul rather than against it, says Snyder. The US needs to consider carefully how it interacts with close ally Seoul, when the competition is Russia. US-South Korean collaborative efforts could benefit America economically and strategically, he says.

James Clay Moltz, a professor at the Naval Postgraduate School, agrees. South Korea ?can expand its reach into space by building more intensive cooperative links with its friends and allies, thus allowing it to cost-share in international missions and satellite constellations without having to own or construct all of the technology,? he says.